german shepherd pannus Does anyone have a german shepherd with pannus??? I am trying to find out more about it.?
She is almost blind and I wondered if anyone has any ideas on how to care for her as far as making things easier for her.
I was wondering if anyone has any ideas as what to do as far as keeping her from hurting herself, she is always running into everything. Also how to tell if she has any pain?
Chronic Superficial Keratitis (Pannus) is a disease seen most commonly in the German Shepherd, but does occur in other breeds. A progressive change occurs where blood vessels and scar tissue invade the cornea and severe cases can involve most or all of the corneal surface area resulting in blindness. With chronicity the affected areas become black with pigmentation.
It is believed that Pannus is an immune mediated disease. That is, some subcellular change has occurred in the cornea which the immune system then recognizes as abnormal resulting in an immune mediated attack in the cornea almost as if the cornea was foreign or transplanted tissue. It is suspected that the German Shepherd has a genetic predisposition to this disease, but the damage to the cornea which starts everything is thought to be associated with ultraviolet radiation.
Pannus is diagnosed world wide, however it is well recognized that cases of pannus are more severe and harder to treat in areas of higher elevation, supporting the UV radiation theory. It is hypothesized that dissipation of the ozone layer has resulted in greater exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
It makes sense then to treat Pannus with medications that locally suppress the immune reaction. Steroids (such as dexamethasone and prednisolone) are anti-inflammatory medications which provide some immunosupression as a side effect. Cyclosporine, is a drug which has immunosupression as it’s primary mode of action, and applied topically alone or in combination with steroids often results in better control of Pannus than the use of steroid alone.
With treatment, the active vascularization and granulation tissue often resolves, but the scarring and pigmentation may improve somewhat slowly or not at all.
Reduction of exposure to ultraviolet radiation is also helpful in the longterm control of Pannus. Keeping the dog indoor during the sunniest part of the day; providing a doghouse shelter; or trying a specialty pair of canine sunglass goggles called Doggles may prove very helpful.
Since Pannus is an immune mediated disease, it is managed by treatment but not cured. Ongoing treatment for life is needed to maintain vision.
German Shepherd Dog Keratitis?
Unfortunately, my dog has just been diagnosed with pannus (German Shepherd Dog Keratitis). I’ve caught it early enough that she still maintains a good amount of vision – it’s like she’s seeing over a ledge. However, I’m still a little curious about the disease.
Not so much as what the disease does or the medical portion of it. But how this might affect my dog’s life. I’m trying out the steroid drops right now, and so I’m hoping that this will do the trick to halt the progression.
Does the disease seem to slow down the dog’s average life? My dog is 2 years old, so she has a long life ahead of her. I’m not going to give up on her, or hand her in to a rescue/shelter/etc. So, no need to tell me not to do that – she is family and I refuse to give her up.
I’d appreciate anyone to share stories they have had with this disease.
Please, if you haven’t experienced this disease first hand, with a friend, or a family member don’t post your opinions.
Thanks!
Unfortunately, Pannus is one of the most popular diseases of GSD’s. She will be on eye meds for the rest of her life. I’ve never heard of it shortening their lives. You really need to try to keep her out of direct sunlight. So, if she’s an outdoor dog (which I hope not) you will need to build her a shelter to stay under. As the disease progresses, they do lose vision. Is it in both eyes?
Here’s a link http://www.workingdogs.com/doc0087.htm
Good luck!
german shepherd watch dogs what do i need to do to make my german shepherd a good protection dog?
i am thinking of getting a german hepherd to protect ad watch my house and if people try to attack me he would protect me and bite.but i dont want him biting the wrong people.i live in ireland and its dangerous i dont know where or how i can train him to be the right guard dog.
please reply i need answers:)
thank you
Firstly learn that a “shepherd” is a person.
My breed was developed to HERD sheep in the German boundary patrolling way, so its real name translates as German Shepherd Dog – 3 words in the breed-name, so 3 capital initials needed, and GSD for short.
Secondly, consider migrating to a safe country. I’ll be 70 next birthday and have NEVER felt in need of protection, although several of my GSDs have, over the years, demonstrated that they will NOT allow people onto my/their property except with my permission, and some have been sold as professional security dogs. And back in the 60s our first bit.ch quickly convinced a car-load of hoons that the only place they were safe was back in their car & driving away, after they’d got out to menace my teenaged bride while she was walking Zacki around a local lake.
Thirdly, consider whether your insurance company and bank balance will cover the penalties from incidents where your dog DOES bite someone. And realise that almost everywhere in the world:
(a) Someone intending to harm a person or rob a property known to have a guard dog will come prepared to eliminate the dog – and they don’t do it painlessly by injecting the “blue juice” that vets use!
(b) A privately-owned dog that successfully bites an intruder (doesn’t matter that the intruder intended evil) is impounded then a Court Order issued for its destruction.
Add it all up, and an “alarm dog” is usually a better proposition than a “guard dog” aka “attack dog”.
Also be aware that it is almost impossible to train a BSD or GSD to NOT attack on its own initiative. And why would you want a dog that won’t instinctively protect you from the person you didn’t notice sneaking up behind you?
So NEVER think that a protection -trained dog is like a well-programmed computer! It is a HUGE responsibility.
I don’t know whether you mean Eire or Northern Ireland, but for Britain including Northern Ireland the host-club for SchutzHund training is the BAGSD: http://www.bagsd.net/ (incorporates the old BSA). It will be able to tell you its nearest branch, or tell you how to contact its equivalent in Eire if that’s where you are.
You then, with the club’s help, find a pup from a breeder very experienced in producing courageous GSDs, pay his price & accept his advice as to which is “enough” dog for your needs but not “too much dog” for an ignorant newbie such as yourself. Starting on collection day you take 2 weeks off work so that you can immediately learn your pup’s timing & signals in order to toilet-train & house-train it, spend the time before the pup reaches 13 weeks old convincing it that the world is a safe place full of interesting things and that you are the centre of everything good in the universe. You also immediately book yourself in to a training club class that will start when Pup reaches 18-22 weeks old, so that an instructor can coach you to improve your techniques before you do too much damage – avoid “clicker” trainers, as you want BOTH your hands free for other purposes. It can be an all-breeds club at first, but by the time your pup is approaching yearling age you had better be in a SchutzHund club class. An SchH club knows how to bring out a pup’s courage, and will insist that YOU develop both full self-control and verbal control of your pup before attempting any of the “attack” work. But an SchH dog is not actually a protection dog – it regards grabbing the sleeve as a fun game – which is adequate to deter most hoons, but if your protection needs are great you will eventually need to progress to private training with a high-charging pro who specialises in personal protection dogs.
• Add http://pets.groups.yahoo.com/group/The_GSD_Source to your browser’s Bookmarks or Favorites so that you can easily look up such as feeding, vaccinations, clubs, weights, teething, neutering, disorders, DNA labs.
Look in its Links=> Defining a GSD section for information about BH and SchH.
To ask about GSDs, join some of the 400+ YahooGroups dedicated to various aspects of living with them. Each group’s Home page tells you which aspects they like to discuss, and how active they are. Unlike YA, they are set up so that you can have an ongoing discussion with follow-up questions for clarification. Most allow you to include photos.
Les P, owner of GSD_Friendly: http://pets.groups.yahoo.com/group/GSD_Friendly
“In GSDs” as of 1967
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in the German Shepherd
Of all dogs diagnosed to have Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI), the German Shepherd is a common patient as well as the Rough-coated Collie. One estimate shows that about 70% of all dogs diagnosed with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) are German Shepherds while 20% diagnosed are Rough-coated Collies.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (also called EPI) is a medical condition in which the pancreas of the affected German Shepherd Dog (GSD) stops producing enough digestive enzymes to digest food normally in its small intestine.
EPI in the GSD can result from primary pancreatic disease or several other diseases that interfere with the correct production of enzymes by the pancreas or of activation of the enzymes in the intestine.
What is the pancreas and EPI? And what does this have to do with my own personal German Shepherd?
Briefly: the “exocrine” part of the pancreas is responsible for producing the enzymes we all use to digest our food correctly. Without adequate production of these particular enzymes your GSD cannot digest its food properly either.
If your German Shepherd can’t digest it’s food, it will not be able to absorb all the food’s nutrients properly. Keep in mind that Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency can be potentially life threatening, especially in its acute form. However, it often responds well to ongoing and daily treatments when diagnosed and treated with the proper drugs.
Typically, the exocrine functions of the pancreas can malfunction in one of two ways. First, in acute pancreatitis, the dog’s pancreas becomes inflamed, causing vomiting and loss of appetite with resulting dehydration. This does require immediate veterinary attention.
Secondly, a previously healthy GSD may begin to exhibit a few or all of the following symptoms: excessive water-drinking, ravenous appetite and very soft “cow patty” stools. This is indeed a big tell. No matter how much the dog eats, it will be hungry soon after and will soon begin to lose weight. Typically, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the GSD is presented in young adult dogs between 1 to 5 years of age.
The diagnosis of EPI needs to be confirmed by use of laboratory tests. Diarrhea and foul smelling feces due to high fat content results and because all the food ingredients are not being digested completely the German Shepherd will quickly become malnourished.
Signs of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in the GSD:
Diarrhea and foul smelling “cow patty” feces.
Increased gut sounds.
Excessive water-drinking.
Weight loss.
Signs of nutritional deficiency (ex. dry and brittle hair, anemia)
Ravenous appetite.
Treatment of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in the GSD:
Treatment of EPI often involves the use of various replacement pancreatic enzymes. These are given orally to your German Shepherd. Occasionally oral antibiotics may be needed as well. Most often, these EPI products are given in powder form or as crushed tablets, then mixed with the food and left on it for about 30 minutes at room temperature before feeding takes place.
Recommended diet to deal with EPI:
Feed several small meals daily (at least 3 or more)
Feed a highly digestible, palatable, complete ration. Consult you veterinarian
Ideal diet for a dog with EPI: low fiber, low in fat, low excess carbohydrates
Keep in mind, once diagnosed, this treatment is a lifelong commitment for you and your GSD. It may be possible to regulate the condition of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in the German Shepherd Dogs who are not so severely affected by feeding a very bland low-fat, low-fiber diet and adding an over-the-counter enzyme supplement.
For the more severely affected German Shepherd a more serious regime is required. If EPI enzyme supplementation is stopped for any reason then all the unpleasant symptoms will recur in your dog – and very soon. Oftentimes the German Shepherds response to therapy can be seen within a week or so of starting treatment.
The owner of a German Shepherd diagnosed with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency needs to be very attentive to their GSD’s overall condition. After figuring out the correct amount of enzyme(s) needed to produce relatively normal stools and to stop weight loss, the GSD owner can usually feed enough food to help the dog regain lost weight. Relapses are always possible and are shown either in the return of diarrhea or in resumed weight loss.
The dogs owner will have to watch carefully for any of these returning symptoms. Generally speaking, as long as the German Shepherd owner is vigilant in maintaining the diet and enzyme supplements needed by the Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency patient, then the dog with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency can live a happy and relatively normal life.
About the Author
German Shepherds are really incredible dogs. But they’re not for everyone – and if you’re thinking of getting one I highly encourage you to do all the research you can about them ahead of time. And if you love to read, why not check out my book, “Your Total German Shepherd Dog
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baby german shepherd labrador dog pregnancy question?
I overheard a conversation the other day between some people. and i thought this was the dumbest thing i ever heard. some people were talking about dogs and saying if a female dog is pregnant. that while she is pregnant she can keep becoming pregnant….an example is say a female dog is pregnant by a male doberman pincher and say the female is currently 4 months pregnant with doberman pinchers pups…. ..and here comes along a german shepherd and he mates with the female now she is pregnant with german shepard puppys as well…..and then comes along say a labrador retriever it mates with the female dog and now she is carrying german sheppard puppies as well…..so is it possible for a dog to be pregnant and other dogs come up and have sex with female dog and keep adding babies to her ..this is what a group of people were saying the other day????????
yes dogs can have one litter that has multiple sires. however a female dog is only pregnant for 63 days, so if she is 4 months pregnant then there is something terribly wrong. but to answer the main question it is possible for a female to mate and become impregnated again while she is already pregnant. this usually happens at the beginning of the pregnancy as it wouldnt work if she was about to deliver.
How To Train A Puppy Properly
Having a new puppy in the home excites everyone especially children but make sure you got the puppy for a good reason and not just on a spur of the moment feeling. Like they say dogs are for life not just for Christmas. A puppy can bring lots of happy memories and times but they have a lot of training and work involved to, they are not all fun and no work!
A puppy’s temperament depends on where the puppy has been brought up and what type of breed he is. German shepherds, Rottweilers, bull dogs and boxers are all guard type dogs so tend to be very loving and protective. Border and bearded collies tend to be herding dogs and reared on farms and tend to be quite enthusiastic and never sit still (be aware because they are reared on a farm they may be a little bit nervous around modern day technologies, such as bridges, loud noises etc). Labradors, gun dogs and pointer are all hunting dogs so expect them to be full of energy and laughable moments. Of course these are just general expectations every dog has its day…and its personality!
Training a puppy is something that can be achieved in a matter of weeks depending how much time and attention you spend on it. You don’t need to train for hours and hours a day, a few minutes several times a day is all it takes. The first thing you need to train your new puppy in is obedience, commands like sit, come, heel, stay and fetch are basic enough for them to learn. As they get older you can incorporate commands like paw, roll over and play dead! Training a young puppy is not as hard as you may think as they are like a blank sheet of paper waiting to be written on. The way they are taught and what they are taught will stick with them and will influence them later on in life, although training isn’t forever so you need spend a few minutes every day just to keep reminding them what to do.
There are not so nice consequences involved when puppies aren’t trained, for starters your house will constantly be a teething ground for them and your furniture will have massive holes in it. Puppies are like babies and need to be taught the difference between right and wrong, to do this you need some puppy dog training!
Many handlers experienced or in-experienced are turning towards training products and aids but training can be done without these methods. Just a bit of good old hard work! A puppy may take several months to training but when it is complete the rewards will be well worth it, but don’t forget to stay up on your training for several minutes each day or your dog will slowly forget and you’ll have to start all over again, with an even bigger task, training an older and sometimes bigger dog!
About the Author
Gregg Hall is a business consultant and author for many online and offline businesses and lives in Navarre Florida with his 16 year old son. Get more info on dog training
at http://www.dogtrainingplusmore.com
Doberman, German sheperd, Labrador and Begal fooling around
german shepherd raw food diet raw diets… the easiest way to go about it?
lets just say that my almost 3 yr old female german shepherd has some severe health issues (constantly hungry, yet always emaciated; can’t seem to pass a solid stool on a regular basis; etc.)
the vet has seen her multiple times and given many prescriptions, run tests, etc… right now she’s on an EXTREMELY expensive prescription dry food diet and as far as I know, a raw diet would be more cost efficient
#1: is this something I should look into/is it a good idea?
#2: how do i go about introducing raw foods into her diet?
#3: what are the easiest options/what are my options when feeding raw?
Talk to your vet about it and research the idea. If the vet says its okay then slowly start introducing raw food into the diet by putting mostly dry and just a little bit of raw food. The the next week add a little more raw food and so on so on. It will take some time but be patient and you will eventually have all raw food. Honestly i don’t know the best options for raw food, but talk to your vet and see what they recommend. (for stuff like what type of meat, how much, How many times a day, etc.)
The Basics of Healthy Dog Nutrition
Among the most beneficial things you’ll be able to do for your dog is to feed it nutrients that are healthy for dogs to eat. Dogs are firm, passionate, loving, friendly, thoughtful, playful and frequently entertaining, making them desirable pets for owners and families.
As a responsible owner we need to find a healthy food for our loving pet that can help them to become energetic and healthy. It sounds like an easy plan but fortunately it is hard to do. In finding the correct healthy dog food for your dog you need to take into consideration things like raw and organic foods and whether it is best for your breed of dog to simply feed them fats, protein and carbohydrates straight from fresh food.
Your pet needs healthy dog food with carbohydrates – 40-60% of the diet should come from carbohydrates which is essential for your dog’s wellness. Carbohydrates include amylums and sugar that can be changed into available energy. Too much carbohydrates comprises your dog’s health and will be stored as fat and may cause obesity, poor digestion and other health problems. Good examples of healthy carbohydrates are oats, sweet potatoes and yams.
Fat are also essential when deciding on a healthy dog food. Beneficial examples of fat are vegetable oil, fish and meat. Omega-3 fatty acids are important for a conditioned skin and healthy coat and might assist in the reversal of some health troubles like inflammation and blood coagulation.
Similar to other species, dogs need vitamins and minerals. You should look for a good dog food abundant in vitamins and minerals which are essential to a dog’s growth and for fighting off disease. For example, Vitamin A is significant for aiding in their visual sense and for bone and teeth growth. Vitamin D is important for the assimilation of calcium and Vitamin E allows anti-oxidant to reject toxins in the dog’s body. Minerals like calcium and magnesium are beneficial for teeth and bones as well as for the normal performance of the heart.
german shepherd potty training How to potty train a Husky/German Shepherd Mix?
We have a year and a half old Husky/German Shepherd mix. Annika goes potty outside less than half the time. She will go outside and sometimes she will pee and then when she gets in the house she will poop. She is kenneled trained and she does not go in her kennel when we are gone. After being in her kennel all day she still does not go immediately when we take her outside.
I am getting frustrated with her going in the house. She shows no signs she has to go outside. Sometimes she barks and I thinks she is telling me she has to go potty, but instead she is telling me she wants to go outside. Finding her a new home is NOT an option. When I take an animal in, it’s for the rest of their or my life.
She is very loyal and protective, she even tries to intervene when my husband gives me a hug.
Any advice would be helpful.
Walk the dog when you get home — for at least 45 minutes to an hour. It needs exercise. I’d also walk her before i went to bed, also. She needs to move around to get her “insides” working — i’d imagine sitting in a crate all day makes her system slow way down….
Her pooping in the house might also be a behavior problem.
I’d also suggest considering a dog sitter a few days a week, or having someone come in to visit with and/or walk the dog while it’s left at home. While crate training works, leaving a dog in a crate all day long is boring for a dog. Dogs really need more stimulation.
Importance of Dog Training
The fact however is that dog training is all about making the bond between you and your dog stronger and teaching the basic rules to make them a better and safer pet as well as pleasant companion. Dog training is not about subjecting your dog to follow every bit of what you whine. It is about communication. This is regardless of whether you own it for company or for protection. The procedure will turn your frisky puppy into a docile dog that will obey your command and stay away from trouble and you will not have behavioral problems with it in the future. The saying that goes you can’t teach an old new tricks hold. It is highly advised that you start training your dog while it’s still a puppy. This is because old dogs are more difficult to train. Sometimes, different dog breeds may require different dog training techniques. For example you can’t use the same training technique to technique to train a German shepherd and a large Great Dane. The training starts with obedience training. First and foremost your puppy must recognize his name and be responding to it every time you call it out. You can then train him to come whenever you call him. Use the verbal commands ‘come’ and ‘here’ when you call him. The other commands can follow in like the sit commands. Rule of thumb; you should start with simple commands then gradually advance to more complicated ones. The importance of dog training is to have a disciplined and docile dog that will follow simple commands and keep away from trouble such as destroying your neighbors flower patch. Also dog training is to make your dog safer, not only to you and your family, but also to everyone in your neighborhood. This is especially important if you have a large dog that can be capable of damage or injury. Patience and perseverance is a vital virtue you have to posses because dog training is not easy. You have to be always consistent in your commands so that your dog will learn faster and more effectively. Respect to your dog is important. You chose him and he didn’t choose you. You should treat him in the first place, because if you don’t you will end up with an unhappy who will likely flee away from you and eventually be difficult to train. If you are truly determined to train your dog personally, you can find a lot of resource material on dog training many books, manuals, pamphlets and others. Try to get some information about dog training even before you get as puppy. Sometimes pet shops will offer dog obedience in training for free or at a fee. Just make sure it is with relevance to the requirements of your dogs breed.
For every right way to housebreak your german shepherd puppy (or even adult german shepherds) there are probably 100 wrong ways. In this book you will easily learn the most effective methods that get the best and quickest results. And along the way you will learn some basics about obedience training as well. There is nothing worse than having your home smell like dog pee when guests come to vis…
For every right way to housebreak your golden retriever puppy (or even adult golden retrievers) there are probably 100 wrong ways. In this book you will easily learn the most effective methods that get the best and quickest results. And along the way you will learn some basics about obedience training as well. There is nothing worse than having your home smell like dog pee when guests come to v…
german shepherd mouthing am 14 years old virgin girl and i have a male dog (German Shepherd )?
i am 14 years old virgin girl and i have a male dog (German Shepherd)
i notice when i suffering from my period my dog try to his mouth between my legs ( my virginal area)
what happen
i change my pad 4 to 6 time in a day
Not trying to sound roud, but us girls need to wash extra down below when it comes to that time of the month. He can obviously smell it ….
black german shepherd facts I am wondering what dog to get?
I have kids(7 and and two cats( a kitten and adult).
My cats have no problem with dogs. In fact, they probably like them better than other cats. They are both Bengals.
We live alone so i am interested in a large dog.
More to make us all feel more comfortable than actual use. I need it to be great with kids and cats.
I am planning on getting it as a puppy and training it well.
So far I have narrowed it down to few breeds that I find adorable and from what i’ve read good for guarding and very loyal.
An American White German Shepherd, a Chinook, or a Black Mouth Cur.
Any suggestions or advice?
An Akita is also appealing to me.
The GSD is not accepted white nor is it a separate breed. An akita is NOT FOR A NEW OWNER.
Go to your local shelter and look at the GSD and GSD mixes. Have the shelter cat test them and see how they are with your kids. But really you should consider hair, activity level, size of your home/yard and your lifestyle. Any medium-large or large breed dog will be a good deterrant.
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german shepherd tie What would happen if your dog bit someone elses face?
I had a party a couple hours ago, and we had our dog outside. Our house is fenced in, and my dog was tied up. We put up a sign saying beware of dog. A little girl came into my yard to pet my fully grown male german shepherd. When she touched him, he bit her in the face. Is it fair if I get sued?
No, the child was not a guest. The dog was not unsupervised, and he was sleeping in his doghouse.
The outcome is going to be entirely dependent on two things: what the parent does, and the laws in your state.
Yes, it is absolutely fair. Your dog was not supervised, which makes the incident more than likely your fault. It is entirely reasonable to expect a CHILD to attempt to pet a dog. Said child was an invited guest to your property. You will more than likely be on the hook for this.
If it were me, I would profusely apologize to the family, pay the medical bills and pray you don’t lose your dog.
ETA: The sign doesn’t mean anything. It was a child who approached the dog and was bitten. Could the kid even read yet? If she could, do you think it’s reasonable to expect her to notice it or know what it meant? In many states, children under 7 are not deemed to be capable of any reasoning whatsoever. Even if they provoked the dog, it’s not there fault legally.
Do right by the parents by paying any bills they incurred. You are on the hook for them legally anyway, so just offer to pay them and avoid those legal fees.
What happens to your dog is entirely up to your state. If the child receives medical treatment, which she needs if the skin was broken, the bite will be reported. The city and or state will become involved.
ETA: Ok, I thought the child was a kid of one of the party guests.
If the child wandered into your yard and got bitten, you have a much better chance of winning. The dog was behind a fence and that is reasonable care and control from a legal standpoint.
Sorry–your question wasn’t clear to me before you added details.
Brazil – Society & Culture & Religion
The Brazilian culture is without any doubt an extremely diverse Latin American culture. As far as the influences are concerned besides the original indigenous cultures, we should mention Portugal mainly because of the very strong colonial ties with the Portuguese Empire from which Brazil got the language, Catholic religion, the legal system and other cultural traditions. Brazil’s culture derives not only from other European influences but also from some South American, African and also Asian cultures. As you can see, the Brazilian culture is a mix of a variety of cultures spread all over the world.
Brazilians have natural affectionate human warmth, like nothing you have seen before and most of them are very happy and have a rather enthusiastic, spontaneous nature – which they show at every celebration (and their number is quite remarkable). As far as their religion is concerned, experts affirm that Brazil is the largest Roman Catholic country in the entire world but the truth is that you will find a great variety of religious beliefs and practices here. Officially, Brazil was a catholic country since the 16th right until 1889 when the Portuguese Empire disappeared. The 1889 constitution guarantees full religious freedom and since then, a wide variety of beliefs have been practiced. However, in 1996 a study made by CNBB also known as National Conference of Brazilian Bishops showed that approximately 80% of the inhabitants declared themselves as Roman Catholics. Many of the Brazilian people are married and baptized in the Catholic Church but they don’t attend Sunday Mass quite often.
Candomble – a religion that is found in Brazil was brought here by the slaves that came from Benin and Nigeria. According to the Catholic officials and the slave-owners, the African slaves had to be converted to the Christian religion and as a consequence, banned from performing Candomble rituals. In order to maintain their traditional practices but at the same time contenting their owners, the slaves coupled their deities with corresponding Catholic personalities.
Protestantism – over the last decades, this religion has grown in popularity quite rapidly. The 2000 Census stated that about 15% of the Brazilian inhabitants identify themselves as being Protestants and approximately 85% of them are Evangelical or Pentecostal. The Lutherans and the Baptists make up the bulk of the remaining Protestants and they are centered in the southern part of Brazil, where the majority of German and northern European immigrants concentrated during the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.
Moving on to the literature aspect of Brazil, the most popular writer is without any doubt Jorge Amado (1912-2002). He was born in Salvador and his writings captured the personality and spirit of Bahias. His most successful novels include: The Violent Land (1944), Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon (1958), Shepherds of the Night (1964) and Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands (1966). Another well-known Brazilian writer was Machado de Assis (1839-1908). He was a novelist that had a deep understanding of human relations. In the 20th century, other notables Brazilian writers were born, like: Clarice Lispector, Garciliano Ramos, Cecilia Meireles and others as well.
All things considered Brazil is a wonderful and interesting country at the same that and that is why every year, millions and millions of tourists visit it.
75% Cotton, 20% Nylon, 5% Spandex / Available in Adult size Medium (shoe size 3-8) or Large (shoe size 9-12) / Made in the USA Sizes or Colors not listed are currently sold out….
Party decoration necktie with sublimated artwork. High quality, silky touch, snow white polyester. Ideal birthday gift. Sublimation and shipping might take 6-10 business days….
and two cats( a kitten and adult).
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